Original research · Paper two

What actually resolves a name

If a search for your name returns three different people, something has to separate you from the others. The obvious candidates are your job title, your employer, your city and your industry. We measured all four. Three of them make things worse.

1. Why this question

Everything we do begins with a name. Someone asks what Google and the AI models say about them, and before we can answer we have to be certain which person we are looking at. Get that wrong and every finding after it is about a stranger.

For a rare name this is trivial. For John Smith it is the entire problem. So the practical question is: what is the second word? Ask for a job title, an employer, a city, an industry? Every form on the internet asks for one of these. We wanted to know which one actually works, because ours was going to ask for something and we would rather it was the right thing.

2. Method

We took two people whose real online properties we already know, exhaustively, because we built or audited them: their own sites, their profiles, their register entries, their coverage. That gives a ground truth, which is what most search studies lack.

For each subject we ran five Google searches from the United Kingdom, logged out, on desktop: the bare name, then the name plus each of four modifier types. For each search we counted how many of the first ten organic results genuinely belong to that person.

The metric is precision at 10. Not ranking position, not volume. If six of the first ten results are you, precision is 60 percent. That is the number an audit is really reading, and it is the number a language model is effectively reading too when it tries to summarise who you are.

Separately we searched three deliberately common names with no ground truth available, and recorded how concentrated the first page is and whether a knowledge panel fires. That measures the size of the problem rather than the fix.

All searches were run on 15 August 2026 through the DataForSEO live SERP API. Search results change, so treat every figure here as a snapshot with a date on it rather than a constant.

3. Results

Precision at 10 for each subject and modifier. Higher is better.

Query typeSubject ASubject BAverage
Name plus industry80%40% 60%
Bare name, no modifier60%50% 55%
Name plus location60%40% 50%
Name plus job title60%30% 45%
Name plus company40%40% 40%

Subject A is a founder in communications. Subject B is an executive chairman in technology. Both are consenting parties whose properties we can verify. Neither is named here, because naming a client in a research paper is not something we do without a specific reason.

4. Three findings

Finding one

Adding your job title makes it worse

Job title averaged 45 percent against 55 percent for the bare name. It is the single most commonly requested field on any "find yourself" form, and in our measurement it actively degraded the result. Titles are generic. "Founder" and "Executive Chairman" describe hundreds of thousands of people, so adding one broadens the field rather than narrowing it.

Finding two

Adding your company is the worst option of the four

40 percent, fifteen points below simply searching the name. This is the most counter-intuitive result here, because your employer feels like the most identifying thing about you. What actually happens is that the search pivots towards the company: its website, its filings, its coverage, its other staff. You get a good page about the business and a worse page about the person.

Finding three

Only industry beat the bare name, and not reliably

Industry averaged 60 percent, five points above the bare name, which sounds like a winner until you look at the split: 80 percent for one subject and 40 percent for the other. It worked brilliantly for the person whose industry term is strongly associated with them, and did nothing for the person whose is a widely used technical term. A modifier that helps one person and not the next is not a mechanism you can build a product on.

The pattern across all three. Every modifier we tested is a category label, and category labels describe groups. Adding one to a name asks the search engine to find the intersection of a person and a crowd, and the crowd usually wins.

5. The common name problem, measured

Three deliberately common British names, searched with no modifier at all.

NameDistinct domains in top 10Knowledge panel
John Smith9 of 10 Yes. A former Minister of State for the Privy Council Office
David Jones9 of 10None
Sarah Williams9 of 10 Yes, described as another person's wife

Nine distinct domains out of ten results means almost no concentration at all. The first page is not about a person, it is about a string of characters that many people happen to share.

The panels are the sharper lesson. Search John Smith and Google confidently shows you a politician. Search Sarah Williams and it shows you someone identified by who they are married to. If your name is Sarah Williams and you run a company, the machine-readable answer to "who is Sarah Williams" is currently somebody else's spouse, and no amount of adding your job title to a search box changes that.

6. So what does work

The thing all four modifiers have in common is that they are descriptive. They tell a search engine what kind of person you are, and it responds with people of that kind.

What resolves a person is not a description. It is an address. A URL you control is unique by construction: one LinkedIn profile, one company bio page, one byline. It does not narrow a field of candidates, it identifies a specific individual, and it works exactly as well for John Smith as for a rare name.

This is also the mechanism behind our other paper. What makes a source count in a machine readable record is not how well known it is but how unambiguously it points at one entity, which is why a public register outperforms an open wiki. What makes a trusted source sets out that evidence.

7. What we changed because of this

Research that does not change anything is decoration, so for the record:

The free audit is here if you want to see your own numbers.

8. Limitations, stated plainly

We publish the limitations because a study of six searches per person presented as settled science would be exactly the sort of thing this company exists to argue against.